{"id":9605,"date":"2025-02-23T10:06:13","date_gmt":"2025-02-23T10:06:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/danubagarden.hu\/?p=9605"},"modified":"2025-02-24T11:03:10","modified_gmt":"2025-02-24T11:03:10","slug":"mycorrhizal-fungus-secrets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/danubagarden.hu\/en\/mycorrhizal-fungus-secrets\/","title":{"rendered":"Mycorrhizae in the world"},"content":{"rendered":"

Of Greek origin the meaning of the word: <\/strong>myco=mushroom, rhiza=root, i.e. fungal root. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The presence of mycorrhizae was first recognised at the end of the 19th century, and since then they have been the subject of more in-depth research. The first mycorrhizal relationships probably developed in the Devonian period, around 460 million years ago, when terrestrial plants appeared. <\/strong>The fungi first lived in the soil and had already established a symbiotic relationship with the roots of ancient plants, helping them to colonise the land by helping primitive rooted plants to colonise the land. The fungi provided nutrients (mainly phosphorus) to the plants, while the plants provided carbohydrates in return, which they produced through photosynthesis. This is still the case today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Impact<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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As far as we know today, 82 % of plants live with some form of mycorrhiza. The remaining 18 or so % (non-mycorrhizal plants<\/strong> (NM)) do not need them because they usually have some alternative nutrient uptake mechanism. They can therefore take up phosphorus, zinc, molybdenum and copper from the soil without mycorrhizae. Such plants include, for example, most of the watercresses, pigweeds, crucifers, carnations, gooseflies, bittercresses, prosperms, and some genera of the palcaceae family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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There are about 200-230 species of mycorrhizae in the world, which are classified into several groups, mainly based on their appearance: <\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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1. ENDOMICORRHIZA<\/strong>\u00a0(AM), about 100 species in total<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Within the endomycorrhizal arbuscular (AM)<\/strong>, the most common type, which create arbuscules within the roots of the plant and promote metabolism. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another type of endomycorrhizae: ericoid mycorrhizae<\/strong> (ERM). Mainly vocal species (Ericaceae)<\/em> family of plants, such as. Erica, Calluna, Rhododendron, Azalea, Vaccinium.<\/em> Here, too, the fungi penetrate the root cells and form a special hyphal layer that helps plants in nutrient-poor, acidic soils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

additional type. orchid mycorrhiza<\/strong> (OM), occur only on orchids. Orchid seeds cannot germinate without the presence of the fungus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"mikorrhiza,<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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2. ECTOMICORRHIZA<\/strong>\u00a0(ECM)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The hyphae of these mycorrhizae do not penetrate the cell wall of the plant root, but only form a sheath around the root and a so-called Hartig's mesh in the intercellular passages. It is mainly a type typical of woody plants, e.g. Fagus<\/em>, Pinus<\/em>, Eucalyptus<\/em> and other temperate forest-forming trees. They are most often seen as hat fungi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Did you know?<\/strong><\/em> In forests, fungal threads connect the roots of several neighbouring trees, through which plants also exchange materials and information with each other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Source.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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3. ECTENDOMICORRHIZA<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ectendomycorrhiza are a mixture of the two species listed above, and typically live on the roots of plants not found in our country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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What are the mutual benefits?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The fungus supplies the plant with water and nutrients, as well as information, in return for sugars, protein and fats from photosynthesis. Since the mycorrhiza lives with (sometimes inside) the plant, as long as the plant is alive, the fungus will support it. If, for some reason, the plant dies, it can only survive for a short time without its 'host', a few weeks or months depending on the circumstances.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Mikomax<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Why is the plant useful?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n